2012: It’s the End of the World Essay

If you had only one more day to live, how would you want to spend it? Who would you want to spend it with? There are currently 6,773,643,360 people in the world, of course give or take a few, and in a mere 3 years and seven months, every single one of those people may be faced with that same question. Forty-Four months, 1,309 days, 31,416 hours; no matter how you look at it, that’s all you have left, as some would say. Many people have heard of the ancient Mayans, and know that they reigned thousands of years ago. What they may not know is one little invention of theirs could impact the lifespan of every human being today and future. â€Å"The Mayans started their calendar on August 11, 3114 BC, and they conclude it on December 21st 2012 (Greyl 80). † There are many who believe this day will be the end, as we know it; all living creatures will cease to exist. There are possible theories on how the world will end, some scientific and mathematical, and others based on astrology, but no matter the theory, there is a chance you and I will perish with the other six billion humans in 2012. Unnerving? Yes. Realistic? See more: Beowulf essay essay Maybe. This Apocalyptic theory provides scientific evidence to support it, yet scholars are unlikely to believe it. Everything has a beginning and an end but no matter how many facts or possibilities presented, people are going to be unwilling to accept the apocalypse of 2012. End of the world theories have been around for ages; they have come and gone with perhaps some cause for fright, but obviously nothing too damaging. Apocalypse theories are terrifying yet captivating; there are numerous books on the matter, and even the movie business has felt it is something to pay attention to. With all of this information available, people are aware of it, yet they still are not accepting. Apocalypse theories are enticing to humans because we are conscious of the fact we could die at any moment. Humans are selfish by nature, so they are interested in anything that could cause them discomfort or pain. We also like to be in the know, so it would be convenient to be aware of what was going to happen everyday. We would like to have the opportunity to control our lives or try to change the issues upsetting us. Why do you think people pay for fortunetellers and psychics? Any knowledge we can get about the future, the better off we are. This being said, it is clear that people are interested in the theory, yet unwilling to accept it as true. It is my belief the people who are most likely to believe this phenomenon are religious, and believe in The Bible’s Armageddon, the final battle between God and Satin. I will go into more detail about this theory later, but simply those who know The Bible and follow God believe the world will end eventually. They just might not believe the Apocalypse of 2012 because no one, not even Jesus, is supposed to know the date the world will end. On the other end of the spectrum there are the people who find it highly unlikely for the world to end anytime soon, as their thinking is based more on a scientific level. They believe the world was formed through the big bang, and think the only way the world can end is through another universal mishap. Which there are scientific explanations, but the fact is, people just don’t want to believe the world is going to end. Besides, it’s too big of a risk to start planning your life around it. What if the world didn’t end, and you had spent all of you money, quit your job, and ruined all of your relationships? There have been many end of the world prophecies; the entire Y2K fiasco proved to be nothing serious that it is just easier to ignore these predications. I suppose scholars are so unwilling to believe the 2012 apocalypse is because they feel like the little evidence there is, is not concrete. People are basing this off of a civilization that lived about 3,000 years ago and who had no technology to be able to predict some event like this. Simply put, the Mayans put too much religion into their prophecies to be able to make it scientific enough for scholars to take seriously. The prospect of Apocalypse 2012 ultimately serves as a projective test for anyone who contemplates it. The ones most open to post-2012 reality are those who have the least to lose in the coming upheaval. (Lawrence 75). † â€Å"But I think doomsday has a profound if unspeakable allure for those who are unhappy with themselves, their society, their Maker. Accepting that doomsday is imminent provides the believer with immense satisfaction—that he or she possesses the most important knowledge in the world and that all other pursuits are trivial or misguided. It’s a form of vicarious revenge that anyone can take on life’s unfairness (Lawrence 213). †

“Queen of the Nile” in Jeopardy

â€Å"Queen of the Nile† does not literally mean a woman in a throne; nevertheless, one could imagine it as such since it is a well-known hotel and casino which caters a variety of people. The said hotel is known to be owned by DWI and its operations are supervised by the mentioned company. It is located on the Mississippi River waterfront in New Orleans where it attracts visitors and even locals. The Egyptian themed hotel’s customers are usually of Middle Eastern or Northern African nationals. Recently, there has been an increase in anti-Arab sentiments that have demonstrated violence and terrorism to voice out their emotions. The Queen of the Nile hotel and casino is not an exception to this malady. The management of the said hotel has currently received terrorism and violent threats and has essentially, suffered losses due to snipers. The management of the hotel and DWI is now in a very tight situation since the threats have been continuously arriving. The people concerned should act immediately or else the Queen of the Nile will be â€Å"enthroned†. Legal Implications The hotel management is now faced with the legal issues the situation may bring. The anti-Arab sentiments group wanted the management to restrict the hotel’s customers to anyone except Arab or Arab-American visitors. Essentially, this is in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 where the act grants everyone equal rights to services without discrimination on the ground of national origin (Civil Rights Act of 1964). In addition, the Arab and Arab-American customers have asserted that if the hotel does prohibit the entry of the said nationals, they will boycott DWI products and services. Moreover, if the management will file a case regarding the issue, they will probably be denied the exception of the 1964 Act as in the case of two previous lawsuits. First, the Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. who appealed that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was unconstitutional, lost their lawsuit (Atlanta vs. U.S. et.al.). In this case, the hotel refuses Negro customers and was declared in violation of the act. The same happened with the case of Katzenbach vs. McClung, where Ollie’s Barbecue limited their dine-in services to white customers. Although in this case, the court first ruled in favor of the business establishment, then the appeal of the other party was welcomed and the judgment was reversed. This might also happen to Queen of the Nile. And truly, the prohibition of customers from a particular nationality which is a form of discrimination is an obvious violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Ethical Implications Ethical issues also arise with the situation at hand. As has been reported, a few guests and employees have already become victims of this violence and terrorism. As long as the safety of the employees and guests is concerned, the management is formally responsible and should have an assurance that security is on top priority. It is true that the hotel has already increased its security measures, however, it is also exhibited that these efforts are ineffective. The business’s stability; therefore is in jeopardy until such situation has been put under control. The security of the building is also in danger. Facilities and the architecture may be damaged if terrorist acts continue to rain on the hotel’s management. Damage of buildings and other facilities may result to a significant loss for the hotel. Moreover, due to the threats encountered by the hotel management, peace and order in the vicinity where the hotel is located is disrupted. This is a very delicate issue on ethics since the residents around the hotel might propose the closure of the hotel which can be the worst that it can get. Conclusion Let’s analyze the situation the Queen of the Nile is encountering at present. The anti-Arab groups wanted them to reject Arab customers with the threat that if they do not do so, violence will befall them. On the other hand, if they give in to this blackmail, the Arab-American Community will boycott their products and services. The management can try to reject the Arab customers and the voilence will surely cease. However, the people may sue the hotel management and plea for a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. If this is the decision the management will venture in, then, they should be prepared legally. And I think, they have a good chance to win the case. That is, if they plead that they do not have a choice but to conform to the blackmail since if they don’t, peace and order, security and safety of the employees and customers will be compromised. Unlike the previous cases, the management of the Queen of the Nile is faced with terrorism threats which is somehow, a form of disruption of commerce. If the hotel will appeal to the court justice to attack the Civil Rights Act, surely, they will lose, nevertheless, the hotel may appeal to have an exemption to the rule since the issue was not actually a personal matter but rather a security matter where the safety of the customers is in jeopardy. This is the plan I recommended the management to undertake. References FindLaw for Legal Professionals. 1964, 14 December. Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. vs. United States et.al.Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=US&vol=379&page=241 FindLaw for Legal Professionals. 1964, 14 December. Katzenbach vs. McClung. Retrieved Aprill 22, 2008 from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=379&invol=294 U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 1997, 15 January. Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Retrieved Aprill 22, 2008 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/vii.html            

Professional Role/Code of Ethic

Codes of Ethis on the case of Mr. E Professional Roles and Values Western Governor University State Regulations and Nursing Standards Nursing, as other medical profession, aims at helping and saving the life of other. As much as nurses and physician wants to intervene to prolong a patient life, it’s important to consider patient’s wishes. Ethically, intubating Mr. E without proper discussion and consideration of his wishes is against his living will. It’s a violation of Provision I of ANA Code of Ethics in respecting patient’s dignity.The nurse also fail to meet the Standards of Competent Performance based on California Code of Regulation, Article 4, code 1443. 5, which stated â€Å" [nurses] acts as the client’s advocate, as circumstances require, by initiating action to improve health care or to change decisions or activities which are against the interests or wishes of the client [†¦]† (p. 70) Implication. According to code 2. 1 †Å"Primacy of patient’s interest† from American Nurses Association, it’s the nurse’s commitment to respect the uniqueness of each patient, and respect patient’s wishes.Therefore, the nurse is responsible to seek for a solution if patient’s wishes are conflict with others (p. 5). Based on the above codes, the nurse in the scenario must inform Mr. Y about Mr. E’s wish. The nurse also need to assess Mr. Y understanding of risk and benefit of the procedure, so he would have all the neccesary information to make decision. Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics was developed by the American Nurses Association as a framework for ethical guideline. The work serves as a standard in assisting nurses making ethical decision.According to the ANA Code of Ethics,(2001), provision I stated that nurses must treat patient with compassion and respect the patient’s dignity, worth, and uniqueness, regardless of social and economical status, nature of hea lth problem, and person’s attributes (p. 1). In specific, the interpretive statement 1. 4, in which the focus is on patient’s right to self-determination, is appropriate to apply in this scenario. (p. 4) Impact of Code. Code 1. 4 stated that nurses respect patient’s dignity by honor his or her own wishes. Thus, it’s important to inform Mr.Y of Mr. E’s wish as â€Å"do not resuscitate† (DNR). Although Mr. E is mentally challenge, he has his own feeling and perspective on his health status. Moreover, the patient’s mental condition when he signed Advance Directive and Power of Attorney is unclear; therefore, ignoring his wishes is a false assumption and an understatement to his decision-making capabality. As a nurse in this scenario, I would inform Mr. Y of his brother wish on Advance Directive. Ethics of Putting Patient on Ventilator. Putting Mr. E on ventilator based on the niece’s permission is unethical.The decision didnâ€⠄¢t make based on patient’s best interest due to Mr. Y unawareness of Advance Directive. In addition, the niece made the decision instead of Mr. Y; therefore, the patient’s Power of Attorney was not followed completely. As the nurse, I would call Mr. Y to explain the situation and the decision of his niece. I would also inform him of the patient’s wishes in the Advance Directive. As an advocate for patient, I would also bring up the patient’s wish to the physican’s attention, and discuss the need to inform both Mr. Y and his niece of the Advance Directive.Although Ms. H doesn’t have Power of Attorney, she plays a role in assisting Mr. Y decision-making since Mr. Y called her for suggestion. Ethics of Authorizing Ventilator. Mr. Y should considers his brother’s wish based on the Advance Directive. Mr. Y should also ask for the risks and benefits of putting his brother on ventilator. As his brother, Mr. Y would want to prolong his broth er’s life; however, Mr. Y should take in account of his brother’s desire, quality of life, and the extend of suffering. If Mr. Y doesn’t agree with the Advanced Directives, Mr.Y’s authorization is valid since the Advanced Directives is not fully completed. Analysis of Mr. E’s Advanced Directives Because of Mr. E mental health status, his capabality to make decision is unclear when he signed the Advanced Directives. Moreover, according to EmedicineHealth, â€Å"it’s important that the designated power of attorney knows and understands your [the patient] wishes† (Nabili, 2012). However, family member didn’t sign the Advance Directives, and the involvement of family is unclear. Thus, the appointed Power of Attorney may not know and understand the patient’s wish.The patient and family might not discuss patient’s decision. In addition, when the decision of Mr. Y conflicts with the decision of Mr. E in Advance Directive s, the situation becomes very complicated. HIPAA Aside from Mr. E complicated situation, there are major Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations in the scenario. The physician violated patient’s right to privacy protection by discuss his medical condition and situation to Ms. H in the waiting room, a public place. The information was disclosed to other patients, to Ms.H’s boyfriend, and other non-related health care staff. Moreover, discussing Mr. E condition to Ms. H should be questioning because Ms. H, although she’s the patient’s niece, is not the appointed power of attorney. One of the nurse role is advocate for paient. By not protecting patient’s privacy, a nurse also violate HIPAA. The nurse, although aware of the physician violation, did not intervene to protect Mr. E’s information. Therefore, she could be hold accountable for violation of HIPAA. In this scenario, a nurse commented on ignoring HIPAA.The nurse is not only violated patient’s privacy legally, but also ethically according to ANA Code of Ethics. Besides physician and nurse, the facility is also accountable for HIPAA violation, for the facility did not reinforce the importance of HIPAA with its staff and physician. Professional Conduct As the above paragraphs discuss, the nurse fails to conduct the standard of nursing by ignoring patient’s rights for privacy protection. By stating â€Å"forget it†¦no one pays attention to HIPAA anyway,† the nurse is at risk for violating HIPAA.Beside HIPAA, the cafeteria nurses fail to act as patient’s advocacy by stating â€Å" What difference does it makes? The guy’s got diabetes, ir retarded, and is already in a nursing home. † This nurse violated Provision I in Code of Ethics by ANA in which a nurse cares for patient with compassion and respect regardless of social and economical status, personal’s attribute, and nature of health problems (p. 1). Futhermore, lack of knowledge of Advance Directives is a misconduct of Provision II in Code of Ethics by not â€Å"primacy patient’s interest† and respect patient’s wishes.Steps. To avoid misconduct of professional standard, the nurse in this scenario should talk to the physician in private about disclosing patient information. The nurse first suggests to call Mr. Y and obtain permission to discuss care with Ms. H; then the nurse must inform Mr. Y the Advance Directives as well as assess Mr. Y understanding of risks and benefits of the procedure. Obtaining informed consent from Mr. Y is also a crucial step. If Mr. Y can’t be reach in a time sensitive manner, the nurse should contact the agent that helped Mr.E with the Advance Directive; she can then obtain information related to Mr. E decision-making ability at the time, and inform doctor and charge nurse for decision-making. However, in this scenario, the nurse should notify charge nurse and higher chain of command about the situation and the violation of HIPAA. Ethical committee should be notified to consult for appropriate actions. Regarding her colleagues, the nurse should inform her supervisor, without naming name, the need to orient staff regarding HIPAA, Advance Directives, and reinforce in Code of Ethics.By taking appropriate interventions, the nurse ensures dignity in patient care and maintain respect in work environment. References American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http://nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics. pdf California. (2005). California nursing practice act: With regulations and related satutes. Matthew Bender & Co. , a member of the Lexis Group. Nabili, S. (2012). Advance directives. Retrieved from http://www. emedicinehealth. com/advance_directives/page2_em. htm

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Analyzing the differing conceptions of separation of power held by Essay

Analyzing the differing conceptions of separation of power held by Publius and Anti-Federalists - Essay Example THE NECESSITY OF SEPARATION OF POWERS The idea of the necessity of limitation of powers within the framework of written Constitution was a basic premise shared by Federalists and Anti-Federalists alike. For instance, Cato argues that â€Å"a general presumption that rulers will govern well is not a sufficient security† (â€Å"Cato†), while Federalist James Madison observes that â€Å"the separate... exercise of the different powers of government... is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty† (â€Å"The Federalist No. 51†). At the same time, there existed views sceptical of universality of separation of powers. Centinel, an Anti-Federalist, considered the scheme of separation of state power into rival branches insufficient for the establishment of a truly democratic government (â€Å"Centinel†). In a sense, both Anti-Federalists and Federalists accepted the necessity of limitation of powers and of delineating the function s of different governmental bodies. Nevertheless, while Federalists ascribed higher qualities to the principle of separation of powers (â€Å"The Federalist No. 47†), the Anti-Federalists viewed it just as one of many, and not the most important, safeguards against the abuse of power. THE SEPARATION OF POWERS AND THE CONSTITUTION According to the Federalists, the separation of powers was to be maintained through the relevant organization of the internal structure of the government. The Federalist authors were convinced that by enabling independent agency to each â€Å"department† of government while simultaneously restricting their ability to interfere in proceedings of the other branches, the institution of truly republican government was perfectly feasible (â€Å"The Federalist No. 51†). Accordingly, the Federalists objected to the idea of recurrence to the people in the event of conflicts between the branches, cautioning against the strengthening of the legis lative power at the expense of the others (â€Å"The Federalist No. 49†). They found the independence of the judiciary especially important, warning against the possible encroachments by the legislature on the aforesaid independence (â€Å"The Federalist No. 78†). Anti-Federalists viewed the model of separation of powers established in the Constitution as abstract, pointing at excessive powers of the Executive and at the mixture of the executive and legislative branches of power found in the Senate (â€Å"Cato†). Both Cato and Centinel regarded the Senate as an aristocratic institution; whereas Cato proposed to institute direct election of the Senators and to establish annual rotation of its members (â€Å"Cato’), Centinel advocated the abolition of the Senate and the House of Representatives in favour of creating unitary federal legislature (â€Å"Centinel†). In short, the Federalists feared the possibility of â€Å"tyranny of majority† ex pressed through the legislative branch and maintained the necessity of curbing the excesses of popular majority (â€Å"The Federalist No. 10†, â€Å"The Federalist No. 49†). The Anti-Federalists, on the other hand, thought that strong Presidency and non-elected Senate undermined the proper distribution of powers and advocated their reform (â€Å"Cato†) or abolition (â€Å"Centinel†). ALTERNATIVE MECHANISMS TO ASSURE THE APPROPRIATE CONDUCT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS Both Federalists and Anti-Federalists believed in the necessity of

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Attributive expressions - Essay Example Liberals and Leftists frame the abortion question as a â€Å"struggle† for the rights of women everywhere, a â€Å"right† supported by most Americans, and matter of â€Å"choice† (Nieves 2004). Two publications that illustrate the different approaches to framing and reporting on the issue of abortion are The American Spectator and The Washington Post. The former stands as an opponent of abortion and of politicians who support it. The latter largely supports the protection of abortion rights on the part of women. Both employ biased language, innuendo, colorful modifiers, and the overt display of sympathies for one side over the other. Both of the articles chosen from these two publications very early on make known their loyalties. The Washington Post story’s title of â€Å"Abortion Rights Said To Be at a Crossroads† with the subtitle of â€Å"Mont. Ex-Legislator Takes NARAL Helm† very clearly stands as an article sympathetic to the pro-abortion camp (Nieves 2004). Abortion is referred to as a â€Å"right,† which is to imply that it is something inalienable to women. The abortion fight is at a â€Å"crossroads† shows further sympathy. The right was affirmed back in 1974, but now things are at a â€Å"crossroads.† This hints at the fact that the foes of abortion rights are now trying to reverse that decision. The proponents, organizations like NARAL (National Abortion Rights Action League), feel that abortion rights are being threatened more now than ever. The â€Å"Ex-Legislator† who takes the â€Å"helm† is to serve as a sort of captain to guide the ship thr ough these troubled waters (Nieves 2004). The American Spectator’s title of â€Å"The President and Abortion† may seem nebulous or even politically neutral. This is probably just to draw the reader in. The article begins, however, with â€Å"Another somber anniversary of Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton is upon us. These were the

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Ethical Dimensions of Research Studies Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Dimensions of Studies - Research Paper Example He therefore, resolves to conduct his testing on HIV/AIDS patients in one of the poorest countries in Africa. This idea works, as this African country, unlike the U.S.A, does not have laws against the withholding of standard treatment. He justifies his action with his assumption that it is better for poor HIV/AIDS patients to receive an unfamiliar treatment, than to die without any treatment at all. This research is an ethics case as it fails to adhere to the principles of conducting a research. The main ethical issues involved in conducting research include informed consent, respect for anonymity, privacy, and confidentiality, and beneficence. Of all these ethical issues, the researcher fails to allow for informed consent of the people to whom, he was administering his new AIDS drug. By not telling the patients the truth about this new drug, and through taking advantage of the weak legal system of the African country, this researcher does not avail an opportunity for the patients to choose if they will be his guinea pigs or not. These patients therefore unknowingly are injected with the new drug, thinking it is the standard medication. In addition, when this researcher fails to give the patients information about the drug, he breaches the patients’ right to information, which is essential for them to base on while making their decisions of agreeing or disagreeing to the process (Murphy, 2004). The possible cause of this researcher’s actions could be the strict rules and standards that the American government places on such sensitive cases, which involve lives of people. In addition, the researcher could have been evading the standard procedure for testing of new drugs, which is often quite long, and costly. This kind of practice by the researcher is sub-standard and does not measure up to the requirements of medical research ethics, thus considered unethical. The researcher does not follow the required procedure for fear of

My Philosophy of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Philosophy of Management - Essay Example They range from reduced costs, improved quality of products and services, increased employee involvement, higher employee retention, reduced conflict, reduced absenteeism, enhanced creativity and innovation, and better adaptability and flexibility. In fact, a team can be defined as a group of people who enjoy autonomy in decision-making and creativity. In the absence of bureaucracy, this team is able to function without friction and develop a common vision. Realization of teamwork is followed by the elimination of ‘us vs. them’ attitude. Thus, my opinion is that an organization should be flat. Another important point that supports this assumption is that all people love to feel useful, important, successful, proud and respected. In an organization with high degree of bureaucracy and hierarchy, it is highly possible that many employees feel unused, disrespected and anonymous. However, as the organization becomes flat, employees are more likely to feel equal and important. The Means of Motivating Employees My efforts to motivate employees are based on the understanding that everyone has the desire to be justly and fairly acknowledged and appreciated in public. Thus, my philosophy will be to ‘applaud in public and reproach in private’. First of all, when employees achieve something, recognition and appreciation will be ensured in public. As studies show, motivation and positive feedback are positively correlated to work performance and various other factors like employee retention. Another important point is that this reward and recognition will be as fair and open as possible. This is so because if employees feel that certain employees are given a more favorable treatment, there will be further decline in their morale. So, when there is reward or recognition, it will be ensured that the reward system is fair and transparent. There are various studies which support this opinion. To illustrate, Wayne, Shore, Bommer &Tetrick (2002) proved t hat perceived organizational support is influenced by various factors including leader-member exchange, procedural and distributive justice, and feelings of inclusion and recognition. Also, the scholars point out that reward and punishment systems are important factors in deciding perceived organizational support. The next important point is punishment. It is highly necessary to be careful about using punishments because punishment has less positive and more negative effects, according to scholars. According to Milbourn (1996), punishment only curbs an undesirable behavior; and it does not make an employee demonstrate a desirable behavior. The mere fact is that punishment leads to fear, psychological distress and the feeling of humiliation, especially when it happens in public. So, my assumption is to replace punishment with positive reinforcement and one-to-one guidance. First of all, there will be clear guidelines regarding every aspect of the workplace and employee conduct. Adher ence to the same will be appreciated and applauded in public. When it is found that an employee errs, the same will be immediately brought to his notice. However, when it is found that the mistake is even more serious, the employee will be met in private and the details discussed without the fear of punishment. Thus, by using positive reinforcement instead of punishment, an organization can increase the possibility of developing desirable behavior in employees. The most Suitable Organizational Structure There are various organizational structures

Reflection and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection and analysis - Essay Example The research adopted the sources because they explained about a method of control for those who are already addicts. For example the adoption of the â€Å"Placebo control method† which was a trial that was tried out to help control a condition that results from cannabis use called spasticity. (Jodey Corey-Bloom,2012) One of the sources of this research was about cannabis. The author was Jodey Corey-Bloom and the title is ‘Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis; a randomized placebo-controlled trial’ The research focused on marijuana as one of the hard drugs that are commonly abused by academic people and so it would give a clear picture of what these drugs cause to academic people leading to academic downfalls. The objective of this literature review was to find out the short term effects of smoked cannabis on spasticity and it helped me identify the placebo-controlled method of identifying symptoms of cannabis suffering victim. A placebo controlled trial was passed to adults suffering from the symptom of spasticity. It was found out that smoked cannabis had much worse symptoms and pain reduction to those patients who had treatment resistant spasticity. Spasticity is described as one of the symptoms of sclerosis. This helps the reader to know one of the side effects of cannabis. (Jodey Corey-Bloom, 2012) The other source I adopted was Lower Cannabis use guidelines for Canada; A narrative review of evidence and recommendations. The author was Benedict Fisher. The objective of the paper was to develop Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines based on researched evidence on adverse effects of cannabis. The literature review helped me to come up with recommendations by constituting viable tools for reducing the risk of cannabis use on an individual and on a population based on certain factors such as frequency of the drug use. Therefore, I was able to come up with a recommendation that the only way to avoid health effects is to abstain from use of

Uses of statistical information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Uses of statistical information - Essay Example Statistics is widely used in most of the companies. In workplaces, statistics plays a major role in helping the organization to manage data. San Francisco General Hospital is one of the famous hospitals in the city.The hospital provides world class facilities and includes state of the art medical equipments. The daily reports and patient report information is stored in a unique manner. Information collection, storage and retrieval are considered as one of the important aspects of hospital maintenance. Apart from all this, information representation and data representation is also equally important. Data representation is generally carried out with the help of statistics. Statistical methods are used to represent the given data in the specified format. Hospital is one of the few places where continuous monitoring is required. Due to this reason, statistics is used in a wide manner. Statistics is used in hospitals to analyze and describe the number of patients who are treated in a part icular year. This enables the management to represent the patients according to the type of treatment. This helps them to decide on the type of treatment and also to improve their services. The statistical data enables the hospital authorities to educate people on the severance of a particular health problem or a disease, so that people implement the preventive measures. Statistical classifiers help them to analyze the patient’s information. The statistical information is often used to get an idea about the treatments provided by the hospital. (Metcalfe, 2003). The number of patients who underwent a particular treatment is represented using the statistical methods. As this seems to be an easy option, hospitals tend to follow these methods. Our hospital includes separate treatment units for inpatients and outpatients. Based on the numbers of patients who get admitted in the hospital, a statistical measure is selected. With the use of this measure, the data pertaining to the de partment is collected, calculated and represented. Categories of Statistics The major categories of statistics include descriptive and inferential statistics. Among the other types, descriptive and inferential statistics are widely used in our hospital. Descriptive statistics is used to ascertain the basis of particular information. While conducting a statistical analysis, the samples are generally summarized using any of the statistical methods. The major use of descriptive statistics is to describe the collected information in a brief manner. (Wilcox, 2010). The patient’s information is collected and the description of the samples is produced. Out of the various methods like mean, median and mode, our hospital uses the mode method. Mode is used to represent the number of patients who are affected by a particular disease. It is also used to represent the patients who frequently visit the hospital. The details about the patients are collected and represented using the mode me thod. The next statistical method is inferential statistics and it is used to derive a conclusion out of the given statistical data. The samples pertaining to a particular concept or a disease is collected and using these samples an inference is obtained. The inference is not obtained only with the available sample, instead these samples are considered as an example of the original result. The main aim of inferential statistics is to arrive at a conclusion based on the similar samples that are collected using the statistical method. Though our hospital follows the descriptive statistical method, inferential statistics is also implemented to represent the data. Random selection method is used to analyze the number of people affected by a particular disease. Based on the limited data, the hospital decides on the type of treatment, so that the patients can be treated immediately. Levels of Measurement Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used in our hospi

Bold and defiant ironic Essay Example for Free

Bold and defiant ironic Essay As Act Two begins, Gerald is made to admit his crimes and confront the consequences of his actions. This in time leads to great amounts of hard feeling and tension felt between Gerald and Sheila. We hear of Geralds affair with Daisy Renton. This shows us many ideas of women and society. Whilst Eva is treated like dirt and dismissed because of her actions, Gerald is more or less just patted on the back and told well done. He is now viewed as with higher status and respect, yet the females reputation is dashed. Sheila is expected to put up with her husbands actions, to be a good girl, yet Gerald is congratulated. There is no question of him being punished. Instead Sheila is expected to pick up their ruined relationship, and marry him. Mrs Birlings entrance during act two is also comical. It causes heightened tension as in contrast to the situation in the room, Mrs Birling is bold and defiant- ironic when compared to what is happening in the dining room. Sheila is perceptive and can see that Mrs Birling is yet another suspect on Inspector Gooles list. When Mrs Birling begins, we dont think we can help you much. Sheila is adamant that her mother must stop then, as she is afraid youll say or do something that youll be sorry for afterwards. Her panic and emotional outburst gives rise to tension and allows us to see her social responsibility in contrast to other members of the family who remain insistent that they have done nothing wrong. In Act Two many secrets are revealed for the first time. To start with, we find out about Geralds affair and lies to Sheila. As if that is not bad enough, we also find out about the part Mrs Birling plays in Daisy/Evas suicide. The scene becomes extremely tense when we find out about Erics drinking problem, because whilst Gerald and Sheila already knew of it, Mrs Birling did not. She is adamant that it did not happen, and denies it three times, ignoring her daughter, but then believing Gerald, her daughters fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Sheilas line, he hasnt started on you yet is rather telling. This strikes a feeling of doom in the audience. As the Inspector interrogates Mrs Birling the scene is very uptight and tense. Whilst Mrs Birling has clearly played a part in Evas death, she is consistently saying that it has nothing to do with her. It was her decision that resulted in Eva being left without money or a home, yet she will not admit to having a part to play in the suicide. Mrs Birling is quick to point the blame at the father of the unborn child. Mrs Birling retains her airs and rude gestures. Hes entirely responsible he ought to be dealt with very severely If we have not already realised, it is about now that we as the audience realise that Eric is the father of the unborn child and his own mother is writing his punishment. The scene is incredibly tense. When Mrs Birling realises that Eric is the father she is again in denial, But surely I mean its ridiculous I dont believe it, I wont believe it Act two ends as Eric enters the room to silent stares and hysterical faces. At this moment in the play the tension has not reached this level before. Act three begins where act two left off, You know, dont you? Inspector Goole proceeds to ask many quick questions: who, what, where, when, why? This barrage of questions gives Eric little time to think. The situation is already tense and this doesnt help his case. Eric shows remorse to his actions, although, out of the family, they must be the most serious. We find out he was drunk, has little recollection of events, and even stooped low enough to steal money from his fathers office. He honestly feels regret for his actions, but Mr Birling does not and is eager to cover up Erics mistakes. This is somewhat comical considering whats just happened, yet all he cares about is what other people think. The Inspector sums up the chain of events, in turn placing blame on each person present. He concludes that If men will not learn their lesson, then they will be taught it in blood fire and anguish. He exits quickly, leaves the family confused, angry and irritated.  Gerald re-enters shortly after the Inspectors exit, bringing a whole new perspective on the current events. That man wasnt a police officer. As soon as this news is delivered, tension rises again as the family consider they may have been tricked. Gerald begins to explain his theory tension falls. The family begins to question his existence; who he really was, and if he wasnt real, was the death real? They consider that the picture may well have been a fake, although then the hoax would have been very well planned. It is then that Gerald decides to call the Infirmary. This reveals that in fact their theory is correct, and no girl has died that day. Whilst this is great news and tension has greatly dropped, both Sheila and Eric arent ready to forget what has just happened. They both represent the views felt by Priestley, that you have to change because of what has happened, you cant just forget and go on pretending. Someone, somewhere, has been badly treated by each of them. Maybe this is why the phone rings again. Mr Birling answers the phone and is clearly shocked by what he hears at the other end. A girl has just died- on her way to the Infirmary- after swallowing disinfectant. And the police inspector is on his way here- to ask some- questions- This is a rather fitting ending and tension shoots straight up. The audience is left with many things to think about- this is exactly what Priestley had hoped to achieve. This play is all about social responsibility and by ending this way the audience has so many unanswered questions. An Inspector Calls will be on their mind for a long while as they consider countless things such as who the inspector really was. Could he be the personification of morality and justice? Perhaps if everyone had accepted their shortcomings and progressed with lessons learnt the ending would be different.  Throughout An Inspector Calls Priestley has manipulated the audience using tension. He has made them think, caused them to question. People must learn lessons from their mistakes just as Sheila and Eric did before its too late. Priestley is teaching us to be socially responsible.

Is Democracy Compatible with Liberal Markets?

Is Democracy Compatible with Liberal Markets? â€Å"Is democracy compatible with liberal markets?† Part I: Introduction: This paper seeks to explore if there is a possibility of coexistence between democracy and liberal markets. This paper argues that these two are compatible; the pillar on which this argument is built is that the two concepts are inseparable because they share the common heritage of being able to flourish under conditions of freedom.[1] Because of this, it becomes impossible for any other form of government to fit so neatly with liberal markets as democracy. The methodologies adapted, the problems encountered in the process, the arguments this thesis question addresses, and the case study proffered to support this thesis question are spelt out in the forthcoming sections. Part II: Summary: The fall of communism in the early 1990’s brought about an economic and political order that replaced the bipolar system. The extent and power of this change has been too dramatic to be described in simple words; the engine that has propelled this change has been democracy, capitalism and with it, liberal markets. While these may not have been the sole factors for the collapse of communism, the world order that came about following this event has certainly been driven wholly by these factors. Despite various arguments against the virtues of capitalism and market-driven economies, it is an ineluctable fact that this is a system that has come to stay. The bedrock on which liberal markets are built is democracy. This is because of the simple fact that communism as well as authoritarianism and liberal markets are as greatly antithetical to each other as is democracy to state-controlled economies. Hence, it follows that if there is an element of compatibility between the p resent political and economic systems, it has to be between democracy and liberal markets. This is not to suggest that each is an easy, automatic and inevitable part of the other; this position encounters enormous stumbling blocks, as listed in Part III of this paper. This leaves the paper its chief difficulty, that of the quandary over which position to assume, in light of equally strident, contradictory viewpoints about the compatibility of the two. One of the ways by which this paper seeks to extricate itself from the task of examining such broad and seamless concepts is in adapting Giovanni Sartori’s method in his book, The Theory of Democracy Revisited (1987), in which one of the ways by which one can arrive at a definition of democracy is in understanding it for what it is not, as much as for what it is. (Sartori, 1987, pp. 183, 184) To simplify this further, one of the approaches to the thesis question has been that of elimination; what this means is that in seeking to arrive at the essence of the thesis, this paper rules out the compatibility of liberal markets with other forms of governance. To demonstrate this, this paper takes up the case of Argentina’s economic crisis as a case study. In this discussion, this case’s detailed history is not made; rather, the important aspects of political profligacy that led to this crisis is illustrated, to show that long periods of political misrule characterised by an absence of democracy, and not liberal markets in themselves, was the cause of the crisis. It also shows up the example, on the contrary, of India, to show how liberal markets can succeed when introduced into a democratic polity. India, too, undertook several structural reforms of its economy under the IMF, but did not go the Argentine way, mainly because the political system was different. Part III: Limitations of this study: The core predicament of this paper concerns an investigation into the possibility of union between two ideas whose ages are incomparable –the concept, however amorphous, of democracy is as old as the hills,[2] while that of free markets, free trade and liberal markets are only decades old. In the attempted marriage of the two concepts, there is a very great possibility, perhaps even a near certainty, that there are sharply divided opinions. Secondly, as is well-known, there is no fixed, single definition of a democracy. This makes any treatment of this debate highly fluid and volatile. Another factor is that the focus of this paper is on liberal markets. This adds another problematic dimension to this paper, since the debate on the compatibility or lack of it, between liberal, free markets and democracy is charged with a feverish emotiveness and lack of dispassionate reasoning as by the core difference between communism and democracy, a dir ect hangover of the situation that prevailed during the height of the Cold War. Accentuating this debate was, as logically pointed out by Giovanni Sartori in his book, The Theory of Democracy Revisited (1987) the fact that while communism could be defined by clearly demarcated terms and meanings set out by its prophet, Karl Marx, no such fixed boundaries could be assigned to democracy. In such a scenario, as the author suggests, there is a tendency for what may be called â€Å"confused democracy†, while none of these applies to communism. (Sartori, 1987, pp. 3-6) This makes this system’s compatibility, or otherwise, with a sharply and narrowly described term even more difficult to explain. In view of this, it is to be conceded that all understanding and judgment of this paper’s position is highly subjective. Yet, since a position has to be taken, this paper proceeds in the full acceptance of the fact that an equally opposite viewpoint can be conceded. [3] Part IV: Discussion: The most important factor that facilitates the harmonious relationship between democracy and liberal market is that both are founded on the same edifice: of their common linkage with freedom. The rapid economic changes taking place in the world today are almost entirely market-driven. Following the death of the Soviet Union, this has been brought to bear even more heavily on the world. During the years following this event of critical importance to the world, there has been an unprecedented growth in the liberal markets of the world. A key point that perhaps best illustrates this dramatic transformation is the migration has been taking place from rural and semi-rural communities to urban centres all over the world, but principally in Third World countries, driven entirely by liberal markets. De Soto (2000) considers this nothing short of a modern industrial revolution, whose scale is quite unmatched, before which the original revolution pales in comparison. Consider the f act that the earlier industrial revolution in England had to support a migration of something like a mere eight million people in the two and a half centuries it took to transit from agriculture to the New Economy. In contrast, today, the world is witness to urbanisation caused by the influx of several million people, out of which some 200 million migrated to liberal market-driven urban centres in Indonesia alone. To accommodate changes of this magnitude, the only viable system of governance is democracy. Western economies were able to cope up with earth-shaking changes only because they had the democratic, legal institutions to absorb these changes; the Third World would today turn chaotic if the same conditions of democracy do not exist to accommodate the marginalised sections. (Soto, 2000, pp. 70-72) Another example, at the micro level, but of nearly equal gravity, of how democracy and liberal markets not only coexist but also promote each other is that of the sweeping changes taking place in the Indian economy. The deeply entrenched caste-ridden Indian mindset could not change its basic fabric in centuries; yet, less than just two decades of market-driven economic changes[4] showed the promise of instilling change at an unimagined speed. For instance, access to computers, a direct result of liberal markets-oriented economic reforms, has brought in democracy at the rural level at hitherto unimaginable speed. Farmers are now able to sell their produce to the user directly, bypassing the centuries-old feudal system by which they had to necessarily sell through the middle man, who used to be from the upper castes. This has been a direct result of the mating of liberal markets with democracy. This phenomenon is not restricted to India; as quoted by the political scientist, Sheri Berm an, shifts to democracy by most of Latin America in the 1980’s were closely related to a corresponding shift to free-market economy. (Bhagwati, 2004, pp. 93-95) Case study: This next section strengthens the thesis topic further by demonstrating that liberal markets have been a great failure when they have been introduced into non-democratic economies. The case study this paper takes up to vindicate this stand is the Argentine economic crisis of the late 1990’s. This paper takes up this case mainly because contrary to popular belief, the Argentine economic crisis was not the result of IMF-prescribed market economy measures; rather, they were the product of decades of economic mishandling characterised by wrong prioritisation, by a succession of dictators, (Peralta-Ramos, 1992, pp. 35-38) which the IMF intervention failed to correct. (Frenkel, 2002) The position this paper takes is that this correction could not come about because the system’s rot had been too deep-rooted, not on account of liberal market-oriented economic policy per se, but because of systematic squandering by the military in the decades following the end of Per onist populism, by which the economy was reduced to bare bones over time. In this transition, the beneficiaries of public spending shifted gradually but firmly from the middle class to the ruling class. (Little, 1975, p. 163) These economic misdemeanours were concomitant with political notoriety spread over the decades during the reign of and following the overthrow of the populist, Juan Peron, that came to be called by the collective epithet, ‘Dirty Wars’. Started initially in the name of fighting Leftist guerrillas, (Marchak Marchak, 1999, p. null27) this phase soon degenerated into state terrorism, marked by innumerable political kidnaps, extortion and disappearances, of people who dared to raise their voices against the military regimes. (Taylor, 1997, p. 258) In line with this, and more importantly, the governments, to support these activities, had built up a highly porous banking system which could easily be exploited by the ruling class with little accountability. The entire economy was built on debts, of which three-fourths was in the public sector, which the dictatorial ruling class could use for its benefit by draining the nation at will. In only 10 years between the mid-1970â€⠄¢s and the mid-1980’s, the interest payments the governments collected had fallen from 17 percent to a puny one percent of the consolidated public sector expenditure. (Ferrer, 1985, p. 6) This is just one example of the ruin the military brought upon the economy. Thus, the basis of the Argentine economic crisis was economic mishandling by the ruling class, and not so much the policies of the IMF, which came into the picture much later, when the economy had crossed the Rubicon. It is fashionable to put most of the blame for Argentina’s economic crisis of the late 1990’s, which snowballed into a full-blown economic catastrophe, on the IMF and its prescriptions for a free market economy. (Frenkel, 2002) While this may be true to some extent, it has to be borne in mind that this was only a last ditch effort to resuscitate the economy, whose causes for decline dated to several decades, as is seen here. In contrast, India, with its deeply ensconced democratic system, could absorb the momentous changes wrought into its economy with relative ease, breaking free from the shackles that had bound the economy in the earlier decades under restrictive policies. It is now admitted that India’s economic recovery from the deep crisis it was in, was the result as much of liberal market reforms as due to the inherent strength of its political system. (Drà ¨ze Sen, 1995, p. 179) Far from going the Argentine way, India is now an economy that is firmly an d surely on the road to liberalisation, from which there seems no looking back.[5] In a matter of just one generation, it is one of the fastest growing economies of the world today. (Cetron Davies, 2006) Part V: Conclusion: The congruence between democracy and liberal markets is indubitable; while admitting that there are several areas that need rectifying, and that this is not the most viable of all possibilities, it has to be admitted that there exist no better alternatives. While it is conceded that this system is far from perfect, the fact is that no system is; had the socialist system been perfect, then all the economic upheavals the world has been going through should have been averted. In this scenario, it makes little sense to argue about the disharmony of the market economy with democracy. If anything, what needs to be put into place is a supporting set of laws and regulation that tempers down some of the inequalities of the system. (Wolf, 2003) Historical experience shows that liberal markets have always flourished in the industrialised nations, which have been democratic, prime examples of which are the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. (Dryzek, 1996, p. 68) However, a ne w dimension has been added to this notion, with India showing that the engine for this growth is not so much a belonging to the group of industrialised nations[6], but the existence of democratic systems as its bulwark. This, rather than liberal markets in isolation, is the prerequisite for achieving economic growth. In the light of these findings, it is meaningless to argue that democracy and liberal markets are incompatible; on the contrary, they are almost inextricably bound to each other and are inseparable, fuelling each other’s development. References Bhagwati, J., (2004), In Defense of Globalization, Oxford University Press, New York. Cetron, M. J., Davies, O., 2006, July/August, â€Å"The Dragon vs. the Tiger: China and India Reshape the Global Economy; India and China Will Vie for Economic and Political Dominance on the World Stage. Heres an Assessment of the Two Nations Short-Term and Long-Term Prospects†, The Futurist, Vol. 40, No. 38+. Retrieved April 16, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM. Dryzek, J. S., (1996), Democracy in Capitalist Times: Ideals, Limits, and Struggles, Oxford University Press, New York. Drà ¨ze, J., Sen, A., (1995), India, Economic Development and Social Opportunity, Oxford University Press, Delhi. Ferrer, A., (1985), Living within Our Means: An Examination of the Argentine Economic Crisis (Alvarez, M. Caistor, N., Trans.), Westview Press, London. Frenkel, R., (2002), â€Å"Argentina: A Decade of the Convertibility Regime†, Challenge, Vol. 45, No. 4, p. 41+. Retrieved April 16, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM. Little, W., (1975), 7 â€Å"The Popular Origins of Peronism†, in Argentina in the Twentieth Century, Rock, D., (Ed.) (pp. 162-178), Gerald Duckworth, London. Marchak, P., Marchak, W., (1999), Gods Assassins: State Terrorism in Argentina in the 1970s, McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal. Peralta-Ramos, M., (1992), The Political Economy of Argentina: Power and Class since 1930, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Sartori, G., (1987), The Theory of Democracy Revisited, Chatham House Publishers, Chatham NJ. Soto, H. D., (2000), The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else, Basic Books, New York. Taylor, D., (1997), Disappearing Acts: Spectacles of Gender and Nationalism in Argentinas Dirty War, Duke University Press, Durham, NC. Wolf, M., 2003, September/October, â€Å"The Morality of the Market†, Foreign Policy, 46+. Retrieved April 16, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/ 1 Footnotes [1] An excellent source for an analytical study between democracy and capitalism, or liberal markets, is the book, We the Nation, The Lost Decades, by one of India’s pre-eminent jurists, the late Nani Palkhivala. The book’s paperback edition has been a bestseller, having seen almost two dozen reprints in about two decades. In particular, his eulogy of the free market enterprise and its suitability to the democratic setup as practiced in India is sharp, and is in evidence in several chapters. [2] Here, the reference is to some forms of governance in the ancient world that can be described as being non-despotic. For instance, one of the core ideas on which one of ancient India’s most famous mythological texts, the Ramayana, is built is good governance, in which the king is fair, just and non-arbitrary. The protagonist, Lord Ram, is seen as the exemplar of a perfect democrat and upholder of virtue, who goes to the extent of banishing his wife to the forests to honour a lowly washerman, an example of how the ruler was expected to uphold the wishes of the ruled. Even if one were to dismiss this example as mere mythology, the fact that there is reference to what may be called the forerunner to present democracy in such an ancient text suggests that democracy existed in some or another conceptual form in the ancient world. If one were to entirely omit mythology and take historically recorded facts as the benchmark, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that republican democracy existed in India far before the western concept of Athenian democracy. For more details on the recorded instances of democracy in ancient India, this link may be a good source of understanding: http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/h_es/h_es_muhlb_democra_frameset.htm. And this is by no means a declaration that India’s was the only case of such a system of governance; there may have existed several others in other civilisations of this period. [3] To get a rough idea about how this subject can be interpreted in virtually any manner, this article, posted on the following blogs, in which the idea of compatibility of the two is denounced in the strongest possible terms, may serve as a pointer: http://blog.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.viewfriendID=12432772blogID=140524780MyToken=5144b54f-2d93-4349-9274-e6526a5a57d6, http://blog.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.viewfriendID=12432772blogID=140524780MyToken=cb1631f6-cb16-4a39-85c6-a9b05c6cc9d9 and http://blog.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.ListAllfriendID=12432772MyToken=5d4d6701-da69-40c8-adc9-3fb794f3fedbML This is given as a reference here mainly because this is not to be considered a work of erudition, and is just an illustration of the point sought to be made here. [4] India started the process of economic liberalisation under the P. V.Narasimha Rao government in 1991. At that time, it was considered a step over which the government had little alternative, given the nearly moribund state in which the economy was. However, in the period since then, it cannot be disputed that despite its problems, liberalisation has brought about changes of a magnitude India had not seen earlier under the socialist dispensation of the Nehru-Gandhi rule. [5] So entrenched has the programme of liberalisation become that it is now an a priori, with both the Right wing BJP that was voted out of power in 2004, and more surprisingly, a coalition partner in the present UPA government, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M), too, embarking on a programme of massive market-oriented reforms of the economy. [6] It is easy to see how all the G8 members are democratic; the former Soviet Union had been kept out of this grouping till the end of the Cold War.

Motivation in Sales Industry

Motivation in Sales Industry In this project I am going to talk about Performance management which I faced when I was doing job with Reliance Life Insurance as a sales manager. The sales job is based on performance based and a person should be high motivated to achieve the given targets if he is not motivated he will not perform well and this is a loss for him as well as for company also. I faced lots of problem at my work place because there was a big preacher of work and no time to do that and my advisor were not that much efficient to get good business for the company. Reliance company triad to motivate his advisor by giving different training. Many people are facing the same problem at their work place and this is very important part of our life. There are some other problems which come in the performance management which leads to failure. In this project I will relate performance management with different motivation theories and problems in performance management, behaviour of the individual which affect th is in different way. Finding the solution of motivation to perform well and what manager should do to motivate his employee to work hard. Introduction In sales job people are facing so much performance preacher and motivation is playing a big role to achieve the target and helping to improve their performance. Performance management is the how people are working to towards their objective (performance management). Objective can be short-term or annual; the important is how is the balance between defining what the organisation requires to be achieved and what is the motivation towards achieving target [1] (The motivation hand book, Hollyforde and Whiddett, pg- 217). Performance is based on individual behaviour. According Susan M. Heathfield Performance management is a work environment which we create for those people who are enabled to perform beat as per their ability. Performance management starts with job with whole work system and its and when employee leave the job [4].In other word we can say the performance management is contribution of effective management by individual or team to achieve high level of organisation performan ce [2].overall we can say the performance management is important in every organization and to do it effectively motivation is very important. Company Introduction My company was Reliance Life Insurance which deals in life insurance business. Company has many branches in India and many employees working in this company. As sales manager we have to make our own advisor to get business. Company started in 2006 with investment of 11 million dollar. Structure- The organization structure of the company as branch level is Branch Manager is on the top level of the branch and then Sales manager and the Advisor. Branch manager take daily report from sales manager and the sales manager take business from the advisor and its a tough marketing job to take business from the advisor because of the high competitive market. Sales manager has to motivate his advisor to get good business. Sales job is a performance based job if you perform well you will get good inactive, rewards, promotion. You will get this if you achieve your given targets and if you are highly motivated. The issue or Problems- The insurance company itself passing through different advisor problems because only advisor get business from the market and they must be responsible for their work. To motivate advisor company followed the McGregor X theory of motivation. Advisor on the other hand suffered from the hygiene factor and to resolve this company use theory which given by the Frederick for motivation. The expectancy theory for high moral and there expectation from there work to increase business of the company. Take all issue of the advisor and apply different theory of motivation can help to improve performance. THE X THEORY OF MOTIVATION BY MCGREGOR According to x theory of McGregor, average employee dont like to work because he is directed, controlled, corrected towards organization long-term goal. People try to work on that why so that they can avoid responsibility. They run from their responsibility because they dont get know the benefits of the good work. In my company we facing there problem because of this system going on the X theory of McGregor and the company assume that advisor do not want to work because they were not trained and they were highly demotivated because lake of training and no clear organization goal. The management realise the situation and tried to resolve this by giving high training of business and motivation. THE EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION- The expectancy theory of motivation says that work react according to the force of environment. Course of action depends on person to person, perceived action lead people to choose their action and in the possible alternative people use rational choices. Its a subjective probability; the act of the person will lead to a certain outcome. There are many factors that shows that weather a person perform as desired expectancy theory formulates this uncertainty as effort of performance expectancy, only hard work gives outcome. The second theory says that performance followed by the outcome. This outcome includes awards, promotion, pay increase and bonus. The third theory is valence. It has a range of value expressing the degree of avoidance or attraction which shows that the person is associate with the income. The function of motivation is F=V X I X E and this is based on assumptions. The effect of valence in Reliance Life Insurance Company and by motivational point of view can say that there was low morale level in the advisor and on fair input by them. The expectancy level was also very low because there was no reward for the good work. If any advisor doing good job he got treated same as other low performer advisor. This behaviour increase dissatisfaction among the good advisors. TWO FACTOR MOTIVATION THEORY BY HERZBERG- American psychologist Frederick Herzberg develops the theory of job enrichment at first and it say the different factor between the job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. The first factor is about motivator as known as job or content factor and the second factor is known as hygiene factor or organizational context factor. The advisor of the Reliance Company were unskilled and their work satisfaction dependent upon hygiene factor. Insurance company need to redesign the job to increase the business by motivation which lead the performance improvement, absence of hygiene factor and the reward system in the company and thats why the advisor were not satisfied with job. Advisor were not satisfied with this at all because other factor like socioeconomic, personal factor also affect this and the absence of hygiene factor like irregularity in commission, rewards etc. also there. The company policy in this mater was not good and the expectancy level of the sales manager and the advisor cam e down very low. GOAL SETTING THEORY OF MOTIVATION OR TASK MOTIVATION THEORY The immediate relationship between employees pay and performance is goal setting theory. There are different preposition in goal setting theory. This preposition lead certain specific goal which followed by motivational techniques. Difficult goal According to E.A.Locke More difficult goal result in higher level of performance then easy goals. Specific goal Specific goals produce higher level of performance than general goals. This goals shows performance. Behavioural intention This theory is the intention to make a certain task choice or to respond in a certain way. Knowledge of result For the effective goal setting the feedback is very important. As per the company point the management should know the result of their decision.

Machiavelli Essay -- essays research papers

The Prince MAJOR THEME Machiavelli had a true and abiding love for Florence. He wanted to make Florence great and also find himself a job, as he lost his when the Medici family came into power. He dedicated his book on political science, The Prince, to Lorenzo Medici in the hopes that Lorenzo would be impressed and offer him a job. However, Lorenzo ignored the book and Machiavelli. The Prince is a didactic examination of political power, how to achieve it, maintain it, and expand it. Machiavelli does not take into consideration what is morally right, or amoral, only what is useful and useless. The book is more like a technical manual, and technical manuals only state the facts. The book defines what turns a mere man into a great ruler and what turns a great ruler into a mere man. Machiavelli’s book of politics is unique because it is so realistic. He does not place man in a false utopia where man live in eternal peace and harmony, everyone doing good to one another for the good of the public whole. Rather, he writes a manual where there are political conflicts and tensions. Machiavelli writes how a prince should deal with these conflicts and tensions. He condones cruelty, punishment, religion, rewards, compassion, and integrity to achieve power. Whatever means to achieve the end. QUESTIONS 2. Discuss Machiavelli’s “heroes';. Select one and discuss the traits that he finds admirable in that person. Be specific. Machiavelli&...

Identifying Lesbian and Mother :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Identifying Lesbian and Mother In her 1995 book, "On the Outside Looking In: The Politics of Lesbian Motherhood", Ellen Lewin presents the phenomenon of lesbian women who, through childbirth, gain access to the heterosexual community as an in-group member. At first glance, Lewin's observations seem to subvert traditional inside/outside ideology, portraying the boundaries of the hetero- and homosexual worlds as permeable rather than rigidly, relationally exclusive. A more exhaustive analysis, namely of the accounts of the women Lewin interviews, serves instead to reinforce inside/outside construction in relation to self and perceived identity. While the women are 'allowed' into the selective sphere of heteronormality, they do not cross these categorical lines as both 'lesbian' and 'mother'. This paper will argue that the terms 'lesbian' and 'mother' are mutually exclusive, perhaps not in reality, but in the capacities of identity, performance, and location within an inside/outside dynamic. Lewin prefaces her analysis with a glance at the classic Western representation of the lesbian. This depiction focuses on the exclusion of lesbians from typical female roles of "motherhood" and "nurturing"; being a mother carried an implied notion of heterosexuality, therefore, lesbianism and motherhood "cancelled each other out in the popular imagination" (107). Indeed, many of the women surveyed shared the sentiment of motherhood as "overwhelming and engulfing other dimensions of their lives—including what they considered the lesbian component" (109). While this may be ascribed to the daunting tasks of mothering and childcare, the women pointed to a more self-appropriated explanation as they echoed one another in their tendencies to "downplay the significance of their lesbianism in giving accounts of themselves [as mothers]" (110). Simultaneously, these women were rooting themselves more deeply in the heterosexual world and losing ties with the homosexual world. Many of the reports quote the lesbian mothers as feeling stronger ties to the world they share with straight women than with other lesbians. Many felt the lesbian community to be unfriendly to lesbian mothers. One woman was even asked to leave her all-lesbian rap group after her child was born, as her fellow group members believed she was no loner "attuned to lesbian issues" (124). The question remains as to why straight mothers, as a representation of the larger heterosexual community, would be so quick to ally themselves with lesbians, even lesbian mothers. For a scholar of feminist theorist Diana Fuss, this coalition seems to threaten the inside (read: dominant) status of heterosexual society.

Reflective thinking essay Essay

Early this week we where given a assessment to complete. I found the concept to be very interesting and I began to think about how the honest opinions of my peers would effect me. In an attempt to maintain an open mind and to maintain the effectiveness of the exercise, I tried to rate my peers based on where they actually stand. This is more difficult than one would think, I tended to want to rate some one else based off of how they would in my mind rate me. A couple days later it was time to reveal the results of the peer assessment, and admittedly, I was pretty nervous. I usually like to feel as though I am liked by every one and to know that I would for sure have some negative things brought to my attention was a bit nerve racking. We sat down and discussed where we all stand as a class is concerned and much to my surprise most of my feedback was good. The negative things that where brought up I was distinctly aware of already so I feel as though I took that well. I will try to continue in my efforts to resolve these issues and focus on self improvement. I think over all My perception of my self was confirmed. I would also say that this was the case for the majority of the class. Most people where aware of there flaws. I also think that we grew as a class, knowing the true feelings of your peers and can help to resolve differences between class mates. Over all the entire exercise was a great success in my eyes.

How Thesis Statements Work In Your Writing

penning in college often sequences make fors the form of persuasionconvincing others that you shit an inte dwelling, logical check of view on the line of business you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily biography. You run your roommate to ransack up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to suffrage for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course duty assignments often make you to consume a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your proof contributor of your lead of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic stemma, follows a predictable pattern in writing.After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in ace censure. This sentence is the dissertation story, and it serves as a digest of the argument youll make in the backup man of your paper. WHAT IS A THESIS STATEMENT? A dissertation statement spots the reader how y ou lead interpret the significance of the subject calculate under discussion. is a road function for the paper in other words, it tells the reader what to stick out from the rest of the paper. directly helps the interrogative sentence asked of you. A dissertation is an interpretation of a enquiry or subject, non the subject itself.The subject, or topic, of an adjudicate efficacy be World struggle II or Moby Dick a dissertation must(prenominal)(prenominal) then offer a mien to under standpoint the war or the smart. makes a claim that others might dispute. is usually a single sentence whateverwhere in your offset paragraph that bountys your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the luggage compartment of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation. If your assignment asks you to take a bewilder or come a claim or so a subject, you whitethorn fatality to convey that position or claim in a t hesis statement near the rise of your bill of exchange.The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement be get down your instructor may aim you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is strength that you are be asked to develop a thesis and to incite it persuasively. (Check out our dismission on understand assignments for more information. ) HOW DO I exhaust A THESIS?A thesis is the result of a lengthy sentiment process. Formulating a thesis is not the prototypal thing you do after interpretation an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on every topic, you tend to assemble and organize evidence, count on for viable relationships mingled with drive inn facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and weigh about the significance of these relationships. at a time you do this thinking, you will believably have a work thesis, a basal or main idea, an argument that you think you can declare with evidence and that may need adjustment along the personal manner.Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or prod the broader significance of a topic and occur at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming. HOW DO I have IF MY THESIS IS STRONG? If theres time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get most feedback. hitherto if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do slightly thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the succeeding(a) Do I answer the question?Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you mess hall an argument that misses the focus of the question. Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, its possible that you are simply providing a compact, quite than making an argument. Is my thesis statement particularized enough? Thesis statements that are besides vague often do not have a industrial-strength argument. If your thesis contains words like good or lucky, see if you could be more specific why is something good what specifically makes something successful?Does my thesis pass the So what? psychometric test? If a readers first answer is, So what? then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to associate to a larger issue. Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. Its o. k. to change your working thesis to beam things you have figured out in the course of writi ng your paper. Remember, always reevaluate and revise your writing as necessary. Does my thesis pass the how and why? test?If a readers first response is how? or why? your thesis may be also open-ended and deprivation guidance for the reader. See what you can match to give the reader a worn downen take on your position accountability from the de exampleisening. EXAMPLES Suppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hold out the following essay assignment Compare and contrast the reasons why the matrimony and southeasterly fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following The northwards and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the self equal(prenominal) and some divers(prenominal).This creaky thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the reader know where you are he ading. A reader of this spineless thesis might think, What reasons? How are they the same? How are they different? Ask yourself these same questions and begin to compare sexual unionern and grey attitudes (perhaps you first think, The South believed slavery was in good order, and the North thought slavery was ill-treat). instantly, turn on your comparison toward an interpretationwhy did one side think slavery was mightily and the other side think it was wrong? You look again at the evidence, and you decide that you are going to argue that the North believed slavery was immoral composition the South believed it upheld the Southern way of life. You keep time both sides fought the Civil War everywhere the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons season the South fought to preserve its own institutions. at present you have a working thesisIncluded in this working thesis is a reason for the war and some idea of how the two sides disagreed over this reason. As y ou write the essay, you will probably begin to characterize these differences more precisely, and your working thesis may start to seem too vague. Maybe you decide that both sides fought for moral reasons, and that they just focused on different moral issues. You end up revising the working thesis into a nett thesis that really captures the argument in your paper While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyrannyand oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government.Compare this to the original weak thesis. This final thesis presents a way of interpreting evidence that illuminates the significance of the question. book in mind that this is one of many possible interpretations of the Civil Warit is not the one and merely right answer to the question. There isnt one right answer there are only strong and weak thesis statements and strong and weak uses of evidence. Lets look at another e xample.Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American reinvigorated Write an compend of some aspect of take note bridges original huckleberry Finn. This will be easy, you think. I loved Huckleberry Finn You grab a pad of paper and write Mark duettes Huckleberry Finn is a ample American novel. Why is this thesis weak? Think about what the reader would expect from the essay that follows you will most likely provide a general, appreciative summary of matchs novel. The question did not ask you to summarize it asked you to analyze.Your professor is probably not interested in your persuasion of the novel instead, she wants you to think about whyits such a great novelwhat do Hucks adventures tell us about life, about America, about coming of age, about race relations, and so on? First, the question asks you to pick an aspect of the novel that you think is important to its structure or meaningfor example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes amidst the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.Heres a working thesis with potential you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation however, its still not clear what your analysis will reveal. Your reader is intrigued, but is still thinking, So what? Whats the point of this contrast? What does it signify? perchance you are not sure yet, either. Thats finebegin to work on comparing scenes from the book and see what you discover. secrete write, make lists, jot down Hucks actions and reactions. Eventually you will be able to clarify for yourself, and then for the reader, why this contrast matters.After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twains Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true looking of Americ an democratic ideals, one must leave civilized society and go back to nature. This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

A Study of Market Segmentation for Uk Frozen Food Industry Essay

A Study Of Market part For UK Frozen Food Industry Abstract The objectives of this tarradiddle card argon to per image mart segmentation for a SME in the nipping solid feed atomic number 18na. The study could form a basis of segmentation textile for a SME like Eden produce, the framework once highly- cave ined from academic literature would help to undertake a market segmentation in the frozen fodder attention with applicable segmentation criteria which would form a basis of steering strategy for the company. In this Dissertation, the literature on Market air division is reviewed and relevant criteria for segmentation in an industry are understood.The typology from the literature identifying the variable quantitys for segmentation and relevant strategic tools for compendium of the sector is used to develop a framework for segmentation in the industry. The framework is applied to carry out a comminuted segmentation of the markets for frozen food, an analysis is carrie d out to go through the target markets and strategic tools used to identify the target markets. Along with the segmentation of the markets, an analysis of the results is carried out and recommendations are provided for strategic growth of the company. Contents Abstract3 Acknowledgements3Introduction3 rendering of the fellowships Issue3 Aims and Objectives of the Project3 Literature fall over3 Review of Academic Literature for Segmentation3 Market Segmentation3 exposition of Market Segmentation3 Segmentation system of logic3 The Segmenting-Targeting Framework3 Segmentation Variables3 Segmentation Criteria3 Academic literature3 Literature Review on segmentation in the food industry3 Portfolio Analysis3 Final Framework for addressing the Research Question3 Research Methodology3 Research Objectives3 Research Approach3 Research Strategy3 Ethical Issues in Data collection3Recommendations3 Implementation Issues3 little Reflection and mop up3 Review of take form Process3 Reflection and critical analysis of the process3 Limitations of the process3 Conclusion and discussion of results in an Academic context3 Bibliography3 arguing of parrys Page Table 1 little Breakdown of Frozen Food Products37 Table 2 Recommended Customers for EF49 Table 3. a Market Attractiveness for Segments49 Table 3. b Market Attractiveness for Segments50 Table 4Business Competitiveness Scores for Various Segments50 List of look-alikes Page Figure 1Market Share for frozen food34 Figure 2Frozen food market share by manufacturers36 Figure3Frozen food market share by products36 Figure4Comparison of market shares of products37 Figure5Market trends for desserts38 Figure6Convenience investment trust sales40 Figure7Convenience store market share40 Figure8Sales of Eden Farm by Market Segment41 Figure9Sales Trends in catering47 Figure10DPM Matrix49 Introduction The project report considers customer segmentation for the frozen food industry and evaluates the opportunities for targeted growth in the sector for Eden Farm, a UK chemical groupd distributor of frozen food. The retail food industry is dynamic in nature and is truly competitive for the distributors. However, growth opportunities exist in the sector when a thorough analysis is carried out and the targeted segments are evaluated. Hence, the study identifies growth strategies in the sector by using segmentation framework and relevant analysis. Definition of the Companys IssueEden Farm is a distributor of frozen food and chicken feed cream across UK with a strong base in the North East and Yorkshire. The companys prospect market is wholesale, cash and carry, symbol groups, CTNs, forecourts, autonomous supermarkets. At the moment, the company is trying to increase its market presence in various sub sectors of the market. The frozen food retail is represented by many an(prenominal) sub sectors and is composed of many market players. The calling on the whole is variable across sectors and the levels of peril and opportunities for each sub sector and product is variable in nature.

Sleeping Disorder

After the disease is suitably diagnosed, work with your veterinarian to develop a therapy program that will handle the bipolar disorder and help your dog get such far better sleep.We spend about one-third of our lives asleep. Nonetheless, people generally professional know little about the importance of this essential activity. deep Sleep is not just something to fill time when a person is inactive.Sleep is a required activity, not an option.Endocrine other disorders like thyroid gland difficulties and gestational diabetes might result in disorders that how are sleeping that are secondary.Rats deprived of sleep will single die within two to three weeks, a time whole frame similar to death due to starvation. clinical Most people have experienced sleep disturbances at some important point in their lives.Anyone at any age can develop a deep sleep disorder/disturbance. Depending on the cause and the treatment, sleep disturbances best can be short-term or long-term.

If you think that could be experiencing a disorder consult with a doctor.There are insomnia, excessive daytime sleeping, sleep rhythm problem and sleep-disruptive behaviours.Sleep can often be a barometer of our overall health. In one many causes, people in good health distution to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated half sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, be it minor or serious. Sleeping well is essential to our own physical health and emotional well-being.Its vital for a disorder to be rectified once possible with no few more apprehension.Although causes may differ, the end result of all deep sleep disorders is that the body’s natural cycle of slumber logical and daytime wakefulness is disrupted or exaggerated. Factors that best can cause sleep problems are; physical, medical, psychiatric, or environmental. Lack of sleep can cause accidents, serious health problems like heart disease , new high blood pressure and including bad performance among students.Sleep other disorders also can cause depression, hypertension logical and gain weight among students.

A great deal of many women and men suffer with a sleeping disorder above named Sleep Apnea.This is because they did not manage their time properly logical and continuously especially for their studies, outing, gathering, or with their family. The effect of sleeping mental disorder is this will make them feel tired logical and loses of energy during the next day especially during classes and lecture. Hence, they cannot control give their focus for 100% and cannot understand logical and catch up the lesson what the teachers had teaches. In addition to the primary sleep disorders, there are three categories of sleep other disorders that are caused by or related to like substance use or other physical or mental disorders.It is usually found in people of all ages and because of.Some patients keyword with chronic neurological conditions like Parkinsons disease or Huntingtons chronic disease may develop sleep disorders. Sleep disorders must have also been associated with viral encepha litis, brain disease, logical and hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Substance-induced sleep disorder.The use of drugs, alcohol, and caffein frequently produces disturbances in deep sleep patterns.

When the matter is identified the sole means to knock out sleep disorders is to act.Opioids usually own make short-term users sleepy. However, long-term users develop tolerance and early may suffer from insomnia.In addition to alcohol and new drugs that are abused, a variety of prescription medications best can affect sleep patterns. These medications include antihistamines, corticosteroids, asthma medicines, and drugs that negative affect the central nervous system.There are several sleep disorders.Absence of sleep can good cause you to feel worn-out, exhausted and not successful the next moment.

Sleep is essential section of the function of the body.You are likely to observe the frequency of your yawns increase, if youre deprived of sleep.It is very important to be able to function during the day.Sleep is just one of the clinical most frequent complaints.